extract from the the essay
Primary Principles of Sadhana and Their Perversions
by Swami Sivananda
The path of the spiritual aspirant verily lies through a bewildering jungle of difficulties and dilemmas of problems and paradoxes. One of such vexing paradoxes is that your mind is both your best friend as also your bitter enemy. Mind becomes a true friend only after being gradually trained to be so. Mind begins to be really helpful after the aspirant has progressed sufficiently in spiritual Sadhana. Until then it should be regarded as a troublesome and treacherous enemy inside us. It is extremely diplomatic, cunning and crooked. It is an arch-deceiver. One of the master-strokes of the mind's artfulness is to make the aspirant feel and smugly imagine that he knows his mind perfectly well and cannot be led away by it and at the same time to delude him totally. The mind has the knack of making the unwary aspirant confidently think himself its master, while it makes a hopeless fool of him. Its deceptions are subtle.
You have heard the saying, "The devil can quote scriptures for its purpose." Similarly the mind can use a virtue to indulge in a vice. It has an inborn inclination to perversion. It can even take the support of a perfectly good principle seemingly to justify the most unprincipled sort of action. Unless it is scrutinized dispassionately its tricks are never fully discovered.
To know where exactly one stands on the path is very difficult. The tricks of the mind are most subtle. Only constant Vichara (enquiry) will keep you alert and safe. Deep introspection alone can reveal a little of the mysterious workings. Probe and probe into the mind. Do not be lenient to the mind. The mind will try to compromise with you. Relentlessly hunt out its hidden motives. Subject yourself to keen self-analysis every day without fail. Oust all sentiments in this process. Become an intelligent, serious and earnest self-C.I.D. Carry on a ceaseless search and a vigorous enquiry inwardly. Put your mind on the dissecting table of Vichara (enquiry). Pray for the Grace of the Guru who alone can vanquish the mind and enable you to master it. Pray to the Lord to illumine your intellect with the light of knowledge. Watch the mind. Watch and pray. Thus alone, through introspection, analysis, discrimination, vigilance and prayer can you understand the subtle jugglery of this wonderful thing called 'mind' and transcend its deceptions and tricks.
Some of the perversions usually noticeable
Certain of the perversions usually noticeable are described below. This
will be valuable to sincere aspirants who are eager to study their minds
and eliminate defects and shortcomings. These are extremely useful tips
specially in the working field, for aspirants engaged in active Seva in
the midst of other people.
Speak the truth always. Be frank
"Speak the truth always. Be frank." Thus is the Upadesa. This means when
you are required to talk then speak only the truth. It does not at all
mean that you must go about telling everyone to his face what exactly
you think of him or her. This is unwarranted behaviour. Under the garb
of frankness to give free expression of opinions without caring for
other peoples' feelings is not 'Arjava' or frankness or
straightforwardness. At the least it is thoughtlessness; at its height
it is sheer brutality. It does not bespeak well of an aspirant. The same
teacher who tells you "Speak the truth; be frank!" also tells you to
have "Mita Bhashana, Madhura Bhashana" moderate and sweet speech. Mind
can even make you to utilise frankness in order to express mild insult.
An unpleasant truth is better left unsaid. If it becomes absolutely
necessary and unavoidable then say it sweetly and with humility. "Not to
hurt and wound others "feelings" is as equally important as speaking
truth. Satya and Ahimsa must go together. Study thyself. Watch the mind!
Vairagya / mental
detachment
Then
there is the truism i.e., "Vairagya is really a mental state, mental
detachment." The mind takes hold of this definition to justify a
heedless sensual life without self-restraint or principle. The argument
will always be, "Oh, I am not attached to all this. I can rise above it
in a moment. I enjoy it as a master. Mentally I am detached." Contact
with Vishayas has toppled down even Tapasvins like Visvamitra.
Therefore, do not take Vairagya lightly. Cultivate Vairagya diligently.
Safeguard your Vairagya carefully. Be vigilant. Watch the mind!
Keep up Matri-bhava or Devi-bhava / See women as the Goddess mother or as your mother
Sadhakas are told, "Keep up Matri-bhava or Devi-bhava when you move with women." This is a grand principle to safeguard your purity and spiritual progress. But this does not tell you, "Move with women;" nor does this advice mean that if you try to have this attitude then you may go on freely mixing with the opposite sex without any limit or restraint. The mind will ask, "Why not? What if I do? To retreat from their presence is sheer timidity. No fear when you do so with Devi-Bhava!" Beware, O Aspirant, beware of this tendency! Divine Bhava is not a licence to throw away all restrictions of the Sadhaka's path. The permanent injunction for Sadhakas is to totally eschew all contact with the opposite sex. When unavoidably such contact becomes necessary, then, "Have Matri-bhava; have Devi-bhava" etc, are prescribed. Also this is to caution the aspirant not to hate women or become a misogynist. Women should be reverenced but from a safe distance. Let not Devi-bhava, etc., be taken to mean that you should be all the time in the midst of them. Watch your mind!
Take
care of essentials. Do not pay too much attention to non-essentials
The above too serves as a handle for the mind to deceive the aspirant.
If you have to follow this advice, first try to understand what is
essential and what is non-essential. The idle nature of man is to loath
following any sort of Niyama and set-lines of Sadachara. Therefore,
everything is dismissed at a stroke as 'non-essential'. Then what
remains, God only can say. The only 'essential' would seem to be to do
what the mind likes. The Sadhaka must think what a spiritual instruction
really means and then why it is given. Moreover essentials and
non-essentials vary according to the stage of development of the
spiritual aspirant. What may be unnecessary for an aspirant at a later
stage may well be essential to him now. Do not throw away precious grain
with the chaff. Watch the mind!
Finally the most dangerous deception played by the mind is in connection with Sadhana itself. The very Sadhana that is adopted by the aspirant to transfigure and divinise his life is converted into a prop and a field for the play of ego and senses. It is very difficult to break out of this ensnaring net without great earnestness and sincere endeavour. It is this vitiation of Sadhana that keeps the Sadhaka 'struck', as it were, on the path, arresting progress for years together. For example a youthful Sadhaka with sweet voice and musical talent naturally takes to Kirtan and Bhajan as his Sadhana. Art always attracts admirers. He is in demand at all auspicious functions. He gets popular amongst Satsangas. The subtle mind now spreads the net. The Kirtan becomes sweeter day by day. New songs and tunes are added to his musical repertory. Without his being aware the Kirtan has become a means to attract others to himself and to maintain the popularity. Thus the Sadhana becomes double-purposed- primarily for God's Darshan and side by side for worldly attraction. The result is the extraordinary phenomenon of the Sadhaka caught in his Sadhana and instead of Mochana (liberation) the quality of Sadhana becomes Bandhana (bondage). Maya is wonderful, indescribable. Her ways are mysterious and inscrutable.
Nishkamya Karma Yoga / Serving and helping others for no return
Finally the most dangerous deception played by the mind is in connection with Sadhana itself. The very Sadhana that is adopted by the aspirant to transfigure and divinise his life is converted into a prop and a field for the play of ego and senses. It is very difficult to break out of this ensnaring net without great earnestness and sincere endeavour. It is this vitiation of Sadhana that keeps the Sadhaka 'struck', as it were, on the path, arresting progress for years together. For example a youthful Sadhaka with sweet voice and musical talent naturally takes to Kirtan and Bhajan as his Sadhana. Art always attracts admirers. He is in demand at all auspicious functions. He gets popular amongst Satsangas. The subtle mind now spreads the net. The Kirtan becomes sweeter day by day. New songs and tunes are added to his musical repertory. Without his being aware the Kirtan has become a means to attract others to himself and to maintain the popularity. Thus the Sadhana becomes double-purposed- primarily for God's Darshan and side by side for worldly attraction. The result is the extraordinary phenomenon of the Sadhaka caught in his Sadhana and instead of Mochana (liberation) the quality of Sadhana becomes Bandhana (bondage). Maya is wonderful, indescribable. Her ways are mysterious and inscrutable.
Nishkamya Karma Yoga / Serving and helping others for no return
Take Nishkamya Karma Yoga. Serving and helping
others for no return is something unheard of in the purely Vyavaharic
world. Naturally the disinterested Sevak is regarded as an exceptional
being. All doors are open unto him. Many bring their troubles to him,
open their hearts and freely confide even intimate problems. They, of
course, take it for granted that the spiritual aspirant is perfectly
pure in every respect. Here the Sadhaka walks upon the 'razor-edge' of
life. The mind is the devil. Through the very intimacy of contacts in
the Seva field, pleasure-centres are created and sensuousness gets scope
in this Seva 'Sadhana'. Vanity and carnality get catered to and the
aspirant appears to take a keen interest in the Nishkama Seva. But a
ruthless search of the mind will reveal that the keenness and interest
in the Karma Yoga Seva is as much for the sense-indulgence to be had in
the Seva as for the Seva itself. So the mind destroys the Sadhana.
Titiksha / Endurance. Bearing with equanimity the pairs of opposites. (pleasure and pain, and respectful and disrespectful treatment)
Titiksha / Endurance. Bearing with equanimity the pairs of opposites. (pleasure and pain, and respectful and disrespectful treatment)
Aspirants
practising Titiksha many a time stick on to the Titiksha for similar
subconscious reasons. His endurance will earn for him a reputation. He
will be regarded as extraordinary. So even after the Titiksha Sadhana
has served its purpose he will keep on with it for continuing the status
it has granted him. Another Sadhaka will under the idea of being
indifferent towards the body and its needs, neglects to shave even. This
will be quite sincere and bona-fide in the beginning. But the long hair
and beard that results out of this 'Udasinata' will prove the
instrument for Maya to lay hold of the aspirant. The hair will be found
to beautify his appearance. He loathes to part with it. Thus the former
'Udasinata' will be replaced by careful combing of the hair, application
of oil, peeps into the mirror, dressing to suit the style of the hair,
new mannerisms, etc. Thus in a trice will delusion spring upon you and
overpower you like the tiger does its prey. Likewise Hatha Yogic
exercises get misused to sustain gluttony; Vajroli is used for
Vyabhichara and Yoga is made to serve Bhoga. All these perversions arise
out of the mischief of the unregenerate mind. Therefore watch the mind.